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WHAT IS CORRUPTION?We define corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain.Corruption erodes trust, weaken...
01/11/2023

WHAT IS CORRUPTION?
We define corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain.

Corruption erodes trust, weakens democracy, hampers economic development and further exacerbates inequality, poverty, social division and the environmental crisis.

Exposing corruption and holding the corrupt to account can only happen if we understand the way corruption works and the systems that enable it.

The Basics
Corruption can take many forms, and can include behaviours like:

public servants demanding or taking money or favours in exchange for services,
politicians misusing public money or granting public jobs or contracts to their sponsors, friends and families,
corporations bribing officials to get lucrative deals
Corruption can happen anywhere: in business, government, the courts, the media, and in civil society, as well as across all sectors from health and education to infrastructure and sports.

Corruption can involve anyone: politicians, government officials, public servants, business people or members of the public.

Corruption happens in the shadows, often with the help of professional enablers such as bankers, lawyers, accountants and real estate agents, opaque financial systems and anonymous shell companies that allow corruption schemes to flourish and the corrupt to launder and hide their illicit wealth.

Corruption adapts to different contexts and changing circumstances. It can evolve in response to changes in rules, legislation and even technology.

To Fight Corruption, We Must Embrace Transparency
Transparency is all about knowing who, why, what, how and how much. It means shedding light on formal and informal rules, plans, processes and actions. Transparency helps us, the public, hold all power to account for the common good.

Seeking and receiving information is a human right that can act as a safeguard against corruption, and increase trust in decision makers and public institutions. However, transparency is not only about making information available, but ensuring it can be easily accessed, understood and used by citizens.

But transparency is only the first step to curbing corruption
We have learned from over twenty-five years of experience that corruption can only be kept in check if representatives from government, business and civil society work together for the common good.

Natural treatments and diet for fibroids.Medically reviewed by Carolyn Kay, M.D. — By Jessica Caporuscio, PharmD on Octo...
01/11/2023

Natural treatments and diet for fibroids.

Medically reviewed by Carolyn Kay, M.D. — By Jessica Caporuscio, PharmD on October 26, 2019
About
Natural treatments
Dietary changes
Herbal remedies
Lifestyle changes
Medical treatments
Summary
Uterine fibroids are common, noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. Some people use natural treatments and dietary changes to relieve the symptoms associated with fibroids. But do these treatments work?

Not all uterine fibroids cause symptoms, and they do not always need treatment. Fibroids can shrink and disappear, especially after menopause. A person may have fibroids without knowing it.

Doctors can recommend some medical treatments for fibroids, but some people may also try dietary methods and herbal medicines to relieve symptoms. However, there is very little research to say that they are effective.

In this article, we explore the evidence behind natural treatments for fibroids, including herbal remedies, and dietary and lifestyle changes.

What are fibroids?

Fibroids, also called leiomyomas, are noncancerous tumors that sometimes develop in the uterus. They are the most commonTrusted Source noncancerous gynecological tumor in premenopausal people. Estimates vary, but according to the Office on Women’s Health, fibroids may affect between 20 and 80%Trusted Source of people before age 50.

Around 1 in 3 females with fibroids may experience symptoms that can include:

heavy or painful periods
abdominal or lower back pain
frequent urination
constipation
dyspareunia, or pain during s*x
Can natural treatments help with fibroids?
In many cases, fibroids shrink and disappear without treatment. However, if a person experiences bothersome or severe symptoms, a doctor may recommend treatment, which includes birth control pills or surgery.

Some medications can shrink fibroids, but they often result in adverse side effects. For this reason, doctors typically only prescribe drugs for short term use or in preparation for surgery.

However, there have been few studies to date that confirm whether changes in diet or using herbal remedies can help treat fibroids or prevent someone from developing them.

One 2016 article investigated the possible role of diet and complementary or alternative medicine in treating fibroids. It concluded that although some foods might reduce the risk of developing fibroids, others might increase the risk. It was also unable to confirm whether herbal medicines can help.

Of the studies that do exist, most cite research from cell cultures or animals. This means that researchers do not know whether the remedies will have the same effects in humans.

Scientists must carry out more research on humans before medical professionals can recommend any complementary medicine or other natural remedies for the management or treatment of fibroids.

However, some experts believe that some lifestyle changes can enhance a person’s quality of life and help improve some of the symptoms associated with fibroids, such as painful periods and depression. These changes include eating a healthful diet, getting regular exercise, and using relaxation techniques.

The following sections look in more detail at some of the natural treatments that may help a person with fibroids.

Dietary changes
The following sections look at dietary changes that might help with fibroids:

Meat

A plant based diet may help reduce symptoms of fibroids.
Some research suggests that people who eat a diet high in red meat and high energy-dense foods, which are foods that contain lots of calories, fat, and sugar, may be more likely to develop fibroids. Replacing red meat (beef, ham, or lamb) with white meat (chicken or turkey) may help.

In general, replacing red meats with white meats or plant based sources of protein, such as beans, could be a good move for health. According to the American Heart AssociationTrusted Source, meat contains high levels of saturated and trans fats, which can raise cholesterol and worsen heart disease.

Vitamins
The results of a study from 2011Trusted Source, which looked at over 22,583 premenopausal females, suggested that people who ate more fruit and more animal-derived vitamin A were less likely to have uterine fibroids. They did not find links with vitamins C or E, folate, or carotenoids.

Animal sources of vitamin A includeTrusted Source dairy products, fish, and meat.

Foods that contain certain vitamins may protect against fibroids and also increase the healthfulness of a person’s diet. These include:

oily fish, such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna
foods rich in flavonoids, including berries
green vegetables, such as broccoli, spinach, and lettuce
citrus fruits, such as lemons and limes
soya products
broad beans
If a person is unable to get enough of a particular vitamin through their diet, they can consider taking vitamin supplements.

Alcohol and caffeine
A study from 2004Trusted Source looked at the link between fibroids and alcohol and caffeine in black females in the United States. The results suggested that fibroids had links with alcohol, particularly beer, but they did not find an association with caffeine.

When considering these studies, it is important to note that just because there is a link between factors (correlation), it does not mean that one causes the other (causality). For example, if a specific diet has associations with a higher likelihood of fibroids, it does not mean that people who follow that diet will develop fibroids.

Herbal remedies
Small scale research studies have looked at the effects of various herbal remedies for fibroids, such as green tea and Chinese medicine. More research is needed before doctors recommend these treatments. The following sections discuss current research.

Green tea
Green tea contains chemicals called flavanols, which are antioxidants. Antioxidants help to reduce cell damage in the body by reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a significant cause of disease.

A 2013 studyTrusted Source looked at the effects of taking green tea extract (epigallocatechin gallate) on 33 females with one or more fibroids. The participants took either 800 milligrams (mg) of green tea or a placebo for 4 months. The authors report that those who took green tea extract had less severe fibroids symptoms and that their fibroids became smaller.

Drinking green tea may, therefore, help with fibroids. However, more research is needed before healthcare professionals recommend green tea for fibroids.

Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a chemical that plants produce when they are under environmental stress and infection. Natural foods that contain resveratrol include blueberries, mulberries, raspberries, and gr**es.

Research suggestsTrusted Source that resveratrol may stop cell growth and reproduction of uterine fibroid cells. However, these studies looked at the effects of resveratrol on cell cultures. Researchers do not know if eating foods that contain resveratrol will affect fibroids.

Curcumin
Curcumin is one of the active ingredients in turmeric. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

Some research suggests thatTrusted Source curcumin can destroy fibrotic cells or stop them from reproducing. Again, cell cultures form the bases of these studies, and researchers need to look at its effects on humans to know whether it will be useful.

Clove: Health BenefitsWhat Are Cloves?Cloves are a fragrant spice made from the dried flowers of the clove tree. In the ...
01/11/2023

Clove: Health Benefits

What Are Cloves?
Cloves are a fragrant spice made from the dried flowers of the clove tree. In the past, spices used to be worth their weight in gold, and cloves were no exception. Native to the Spice Islands near China, cloves spread throughout Europe and Asia during the late Middle Ages as a key part of local cuisine. Today, cloves remain a popular spice that gives many dishes a subtly sweet warmth.

What are ground cloves?

Cloves can be used whole or ground. You might include ground cloves in spice mixes and whole cloves in recipes to add depth and flavor to a wide variety of foods. These small dark brown pods are used in curries, seasoned meats, Worcestershire sauce, baked goods, chai, and Chinese five-spice blends. They also offer some health benefits.

Diet & Weight Management/Reference

Health & Diet Guide
Clove: Health Benefits

Medically Reviewed by Zilpah Sheikh, MD on October 23, 2023 Written by Stephanie Booth
6 min read
What Are Cloves?
Cloves are a fragrant spice made from the dried flowers of the clove tree. In the past, spices used to be worth their weight in gold, and cloves were no exception. Native to the Spice Islands near China, cloves spread throughout Europe and Asia during the late Middle Ages as a key part of local cuisine. Today, cloves remain a popular spice that gives many dishes a subtly sweet warmth.

What are ground cloves?

Cloves can be used whole or ground. You might include ground cloves in spice mixes and whole cloves in recipes to add depth and flavor to a wide variety of foods. These small dark brown pods are used in curries, seasoned meats, Worcestershire sauce, baked goods, chai, and Chinese five-spice blends. They also offer some health benefits.

Whole cloves can be used to season drinks, baked goods, and curries. But this household spice is also a powerful antioxidant. Photo credit: Piliphoto/Dreamstime

Cloves Nutrition
Cloves contain a lot of manganese, a mineral that helps your body manage the enzymes that help repair your bones and make hormones. Manganese can also act as an antioxidant that protects your body from harmful free radicals (unstable atoms that cause cell damage).

Cloves are also a great source of:

Vitamin K
Potassium
Beta-carotene
Eugenol
Nutrients per serving

One teaspoon of cloves has:

Calories: 6
Protein: Less than 1 gram
Fat: Less than 1 gram
Carbohydrates: 1 gram
Fiber: 1 gram
Sugar: Less than 1 gram
They're a great source of beta-carotene, which helps give cloves their rich brown color. Carotenes, a family of pigments, act as important antioxidants and provitamins. Carotene pigments can convert into vitamin A, an important nutrient for keeping your eyes healthy.

Benefits of Cloves
Some health benefits of cloves include:

Lower inflammation. Cloves contain many compounds known for their anti-inflammatory properties, with eugenol being the most important. It's been shown to reduce your body's inflammatory response, which can lower your risk of health issues such as arthritis and help manage symptoms.

Fewer free radicals. Cloves are full of antioxidants, including eugenol. Antioxidants help your body fight free radicals, which damage your cells. By removing free radicals from your system, the antioxidants found in cloves can help lower your risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.

Reduced ulcers. Some studies show that cloves may help protect your stomach from ulcers. Most ulcers are caused by thinning of the layers of mucus that protect your stomach lining. Early research shows that eating cloves in large amounts can thicken this mucus, lowering your risk of getting ulcers and helping to heal ulcers that you already have.

Improved liver function. Cloves may also help your liver work better. Some studies have shown that eugenol found in cloves can also help reduce signs of liver cirrhosis and fatty liver disease.

Meaning of grounds for divorceGrounds for divorce simply means reasons for which a spouse (wife or husband) may apply fo...
01/11/2023

Meaning of grounds for divorce

Grounds for divorce simply means reasons for which a spouse (wife or husband) may apply for dissolution (divorce) of a marriage.

Definition of key terms used in the Matrimonial Causes Act
Below are some relevant key terms used under the Matrimonial Causes Act and their meanings:

Petition: the petition simply means the application for divorce.

Petitioner: a petitioner is a person who has made an application for divorce.

Respondent: a respondent is the opposite of the petitioner, ie the wife or husband of the person who has made an application for divorce.

Decree: this means an order of the court dissolving the marriage.

Dissolution: dissolution of marriage simply means a divorce.

What is divorce?
The grounds for divorce in Nigeria can be found in the Nigerian Matrimonial Causes Act 1970 under sections 15 and 16. If you are a legal practitioner from another jurisdiction, you can refer to the said Act. The aim of this post is to explain the grounds for divorce in Nigeria in simple terms for the benefit of non-lawyers or students of law.

What is divorce

Divorce, also called dissolution of marriage, is the separation of husband and wife by a court order (decree). After a divorce, either of the parties can marry again. Marrying someone else while there is still an existing statutory marriage constitutes a crime in Nigeria.

Meaning of grounds for divorce
Grounds for divorce simply means reasons for which a spouse (wife or husband) may apply for dissolution (divorce) of a marriage.

Definition of key terms used in the Matrimonial Causes Act
Below are some relevant key terms used under the Matrimonial Causes Act and their meanings:

Petition: the petition simply means the application for divorce.

Petitioner: a petitioner is a person who has made an application for divorce.

Respondent: a respondent is the opposite of the petitioner, ie the wife or husband of the person who has made an application for divorce.

Decree: this means an order of the court dissolving the marriage.

Dissolution: dissolution of marriage simply means a divorce.

To which marriages does the Nigerian Matrimonial Causes Act apply?
legal grounds for divorce in Nigeria

The grounds for divorce in Nigeria under the Matrimonial Causes Act apply to statutory marriages. The Act does not apply to traditional/customary marriages. For difference between statutory marriage and customary marriage, see this post.

Section 15 of the Matrimonial Causes Act provides the following grounds for divorce in Nigeria:
1. That the respondent has wilfully and persistently refused to consummate the marriage
The keyphrase under this ground for divorce is 'consummation of marriage'.

What is consummation of marriage?

Persistent refusal to have a child in a Marriage

Consummation of marriage simply means to have a child in the marriage.

Thus where the husband or wife has persistently refused to have a child in the marriage, an application may be made to court for a dissolution of the marriage.

Note that the Act uses the word 'persistently'. This means that mere refusal to have a child at some point in the marriage might not necessarily constitute a ground for divorce. For instance, a wife's refusal to have a child before completion of a one year postgraduate course would not necessarily be a ground for divorce in Nigeria. The refusal must have been persistent enough to constitute a ground for divorce.

2. That since the marriage the respondent has committed adultery and the petitioner finds it intolerable to live with the respondent
This means that an application for divorce may be made where one of the couple has had s*xual in*******se with someone other than the their spouse. In such circumstance, the person making the application for divorce would need to provide evidence in court to prove that the other party cheated.

3. That since the marriage the respondent has behaved in such a way that the petitioner cannot reasonably be expected to live with the respondent.

This is perhaps the broadest ground for divorce in Nigeria and one of the most used grounds in divorce proceedings as well.

Below are some behaviours that could constitute a ground for divorce under this ground:
Commission of r**e, so**my, or be******ty by a spouse.
When a spouse has become a habitual drunkard or a drug addict.
Where a spouse has been convicted of several crimes and has been sentenced to prison.
Where the respondent has habitually failed to provide the petitioner with reasonable means of support.
The repondent has a mental illness when a petition is filed and is unlikely to recover.
A spouse has been confined in a mental institution for a total of 5 years in aggregate since the marriage.
4. That the respondent has deserted the petitioner for a continuous period of at least one year immediately preceding the presentation of the petition
For instance, where a spouse abandons his/her spouse and travels abroad for a year, a petition for divorce may be made to the court.

The Matrimonial Causes Act uses the phrase 'immediately before the presentation of the petition'. This means that where an abandonment occured two years ago for instance, a petition cannot be made under this ground if the spouse has since returned.

5. That the parties to the marriage have lived apart for a continuous period of at least two years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition and the respondent does not object to a decree being granted
This means an application for divorce may be made where the spouses have lived in separate households for at least two years and the respondent does not object to the divorce.

Similar to ground 4 above, the living apart must have taken place immediately before the petition. Thus if the spouses have started living together before the petition is filed, then the court would not dissolve the marriage.

6. That the parties to the marriage have lived apart for a continuous period of a least three years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition
This ground is similar to ground five above. The differences are that the period is three years and it does not matter whether the respondent objects to the divorce or not.

7. That the other party to the marriage has, for a period of not less than one year, failed to comply with a decree or restitution of conjugal rights made under the Act
Conjugal rights are rights and privileges that typically pertain to marriages. S*xual in*******se, maintenance, etc are examples. A decree for restitution of conjugal right is an order made by the court requiring a party to comply with such rights, privileges, or obligations.

8. That the other party to the marriage has been absent from the petitioner for such time and in such circumstances as to provide reasonable grounds for presuming that he or she is dead.
Where the respondent has not been seen for seven years, he/she could be presumed dead and the marriage would be dissolved by the court.

The Most Common Reasons for Divorce1. Too Much Conflict, Incessant ArguingAccording to psychologist Dr. Howard Markman, ...
01/11/2023

The Most Common Reasons for Divorce

1. Too Much Conflict, Incessant Arguing
According to psychologist Dr. Howard Markman, "How you handle conflict is the single most important predictor of whether your marriage will survive." Constant conflict, bitter battles, and going to bed angry every night are no one’s idea of a healthy marriage.

How long could you stick it out when your home – which is supposed to be your place of peace and release from the daily grind – is more stressful than your worst day at work? In a good marriage, your spouse is your partner, your shelter from the storm, and your number-one cheerleader when you’re down.

In a high-conflict marriage, your spouse is as emotionally dangerous as a terrible boss. Unless interrupted by marriage counseling or therapy, this negative spiral will continue downward until the only place left to go is divorce.

2. Lack of Commitment
A happy and healthy marriage requires commitment from both spouses. Unfortunately, it only takes one spouse with a lack of commitment to the relationship to doom the marriage. If one partner isn’t fully committed to the other, then the marriage will eventually suffer.

Sometimes, the spouse who is still committed to the relationship believes they can singlehandedly save their marriage if they work harder at it. After all, if they put in 200% while their spouse puts in 0%, that equals 100% – right?

When their marriage inevitably ends, after the shock and disbelief have worn off, their rage at being used and taken for granted during the relationship may lead to a very difficult divorce.

3. Infidelity / Extramarital Affairs
Being cheated on by the person who vowed to remain faithful to you forever is a bitter pill to swallow, and most people consider this to be an unforgivable offense. Infidelity doesn’t always lead to divorce, but it does destroy how you see your relationship.

Discovering that your spouse has been engaging in an extramarital affair makes you ask three questions:

Can my marriage survive this betrayal?
Can I ever trust my spouse/partner again?
Am I willing to work on my marriage, or is my partner’s infidelity the last straw?
The answer to these questions depends on whether both of you are willing and able to repair your relationship – almost certainly with the help of a marriage and family therapist (MFT).

To rescue your relationship, you will have to forgive your partner – and your partner will have to make a genuine apology and commit to taking action to end their cheating ways for good. If you have been drifting apart, focus on reconnecting rather than pointing fingers and playing the blame game.

4. Lack of Emotional and / or Physical Intimacy
Emotional and physical intimacy “grease the wheels” of a smooth-running relationship. When they’re gone, however, serious relationship issues often take their place.

Communication breakdown, anger, resentment, sadness, loneliness, infidelity, and greatly diminished self-esteem are some of the most serious issues – and left untreated, they can irreparably damage a relationship and pave the road to divorce.

When emotional intimacy is low or non-existent, your s*x life will probably suffer as well. When you feel emotionally distant or disconnected from your spouse, your marriage may become a s*xless one. To reignite the spark, try to remember why you fell in love with your spouse and make a conscious effort to view them through those lenses.

Also, think about what you used to love doing together and carve out time to do those things together again. Spending quality time doing something you both enjoy can help to rebuild emotional intimacy, which can lead to physical intimacy.

Emotional and physical intimacy is like super-glue to strengthen your love and marriage bonds.

5. Communication Problems Between Partners
A breakdown in the lines of communication is one of the biggest predictors of divorce. Couples who don’t communicate well cannot resolve issues together and tend to suffer more misunderstandings and hurt feelings than those who have learned how to resolve conflict respectfully.

Good communication is physical as well as verbal, and it is required for almost everything in a good relationship, including s*x, a couple’s finances, whether or not to have children, areas of disagreement, and other sensitive topics unhappy couples deem too dangerous to discuss.

An inability to communicate turns problem-solving sessions into shouting matches, which will eventually kill love, intimacy, and respect in your relationship. To make it through the inevitable tough times, you must be willing and able to talk about what’s wrong or not working and decide together how to resolve these issues.

According to Clinical Psychologist and Life Coach Dr. Edward Dreyfus: “Being able to communicate well requires both good transmission skills (articulation) and good receptive skills (listening). Without both, communication will be at best difficult.”

6. Domestic Violence: Abuse by a Partner or Parent
Domestic violence can include any act of tangible or threatened abuse – including verbal, physical, s*xual, emotional, and/or economic abuse. In such a relationship, one person gains or maintains power over their partner via a pattern of abusive behavior.

This abuse can be directed solely at a spouse, or it can also involve one or more children of the marriage. If you or your children are in immediate danger, call 911 now!
7. Opposing Values or Morals
There have been literal wars fought over differences in race, religion, nationality, and culture – and persecution based on all of these plus gender, s*xuality, and even which political party someone supports.

When two spouses have or develop opposing values and/or morals, and neither has the ability or willingness to see things from their spouse’s point of view, the marriage is likely to end in divorce.

She believes in a woman’s right to choose and he believes life begins at conception; his best friend is gay and his wife is homophobic; they fell in love despite their religious difference, but those differences are tearing them apart now that they have children.

When you’re in love, you tend to overlook or rationalize red flags that your core values and morals are too different for a healthy relationship – but when the rose-colored glasses come off, those differences make it difficult or impossible to sustain a happy marriage.

8. Addiction: Alcohol, Drugs, Gambling, or S*x
There are many different types and degrees of addiction, and many top professionals – politicians, businesspeople, doctors, lawyers, portfolio managers, actors, and athletes, to name a few – have been able to hide their addiction successfully as they rose to the top.

Their spouses may be blissfully unaware, willing to look the other way in return for lifestyle/economic benefits, or gaslighted into believing they’re crazy to suspect their spouse’s addiction. No matter how the moment of truth arrives, it is always shattering.

Whether the marriage can survive depends on several factors – including the addict’s willingness and ability to take responsibility for their addiction, a genuine desire to seek treatment, and a lifelong commitment to recovery.

9. Absence of Romantic Intimacy or Love
This one is far too common given how busy and stressful our lives are – especially when you add driving the kids to football/hockey/baseball/ballet/orchestra/theater/choir practice before and after school into the mix.

Too many couples prioritize everything except their relationships, and then one partner is blindsided when the other says, “I want a divorce.” Contrary to popular belief, romantic love is not self-sustaining: without carving out quality time for intimacy and fun as a couple – not just as a family – love withers like a plant without water or sunshine.

Create a weekly carved-in-stone date night. For example, go to bed or wake up earlier and use the time for daily physical (cuddling and/or s*x) and emotional intimacy. Remember what you loved doing while you were dating, then start doing those things again before it’s too late!

10. One Spouse not Carrying Their Weight in the Marriage
We all know marriages like this: both spouses work full-time, but only one of them takes responsibility for grocery shopping and cooking, household chores, and child-rearing.

Over time, the spouse whose work doesn’t end when they get home can build up a powerful resentment against the other, and unless the situation is addressed and rectified, the marriage could spiral down into divorce.

Sit down and list everything that needs to be done to keep the household running smoothly. Then place a name beside each task, making sure to divide the chores equitably. Don’t forget to add your children’s names to tasks they are old enough to tackle or help with – from setting the table to washing the dishes to mowing the lawn to vacuuming the carpets.

01/11/2023

REASONS YOU SHOULD HAVE S*X EVERYDAY.

Others may feel that other types of intimacy and connection are more important.

Some of the reasons that you might feel that s*x is important in a relationship include:

Feeling closer to your partner
Showing affection to your partner
Finding it fun and pleasurable
A desire to have children
Feeling confident and s*xy
Relieving stress
Research suggests that having frequent s*x can play a role in a person’s overall well-being. Having s*x often is linked to more affection. When couples experience more affection, they are also more likely to have more frequent s*x.

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